Use of red mud activated at different temperatures as a low cost adsorbent of reactive dye / Uso de lama vermelha ativada em diferentes temperaturas como um adsorvente de baixo custo de corante reativo

ABSTRACT Red mud, a waste product generated during alumina extraction from bauxite, could be used as a low-cost adsorbent. Here, the effect of thermal treatment on the adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) dye by red mud was compared with the adsorption capacity of untreated red mud. Thermal treatment of red mud at 500°C results in an increase in adsorption capacity from 357 mg g-1 (untreated red mud) to 416 mg g-1, under acidic conditions. Red mud samples thermally treated at 600°C and 800°C show a reduction in adsorption capacity, however, falling to 337 mg g-1, in acid medium. The change in the maximum adsorption capacity of red mud to RB19 following thermal treatment is associated with specific surface area. Red mud subjected to 500°C can be used for the treatment of water and wastewaters with a higher efficiency than untreated red mud, thus finding possible application in the textile industry.

RESUMO O resíduo de refino de bauxita (lama vermelha) é um resíduo importante gerado na produção de alumínio, podendo ser utilizado como adsorvente de baixo custo. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a influência do tratamento térmico na adsorção do corante azul reativo (RB19) por lama vermelha, comparando com a capacidade de adsorção de lama vermelha não tratada termicamente. O tratamento térmico da lama vermelha até 500°C resultou em aumento da capacidade de adsorção, variando seu valor de 357 mg g-1 (lama vermelha não tratada) a 416 mg g-1, em condições ácidas. No entanto, amostras de lama vermelha tratadas termicamente a 600 e 800°C mostraram uma redução na capacidade de adsorção, chegando a 337 mg g-1 em meio ácido. A mudança na capacidade máxima de adsorção de RB 19 na lama vermelha tratada termicamente está associada a valores de área superficial específica. Assim, é possível concluir que a lama vermelha tratada termicamente em 500°C pode ser utilizada para o tratamento de água e águas residuárias com maior eficiência do que a lama vermelha natural nas indústrias têxteis, contribuindo para novos insights sobre possíveis aplicações na indústria têxtil.

Efficacy of Eosin Dye Removal by Peanut Shell Agrowaste Adsorbent

Abstract Peanut shell (PS) which is an excessive waste-product from agricultural processes, it can be recycled to a natural adsorbent for example it uses as removal dyes. Synthetic dye effluent without improperly discharged from industries to the river cause wastewater and damage to living organisms, especially, anionic dyes are difficult removed by conventional treatments such as biological, chemical, oxidation, and physical-filtration. However, an adsorption treatment is widely used for decolorization of dyes and give the best results for removal of various types of dissolved coloring materials. This research was used Eosin Y (EO) for the anionic model of dyeing wastewater and used PS for agrowaste adsorbent. The purpose of this study was investigated the efficiency adsorption of EO removal by PS. This efficiency adsorption was measured by different PS dosages, contact times, adsorbate concentration and equilibrium data. The results can be concluded that the PS had the efficiency adsorption of EO removal due to the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) and the highest dose of PS were balanced to adsorption of dye. The highest EO removal percentage was found in 87.7%, the qe was 0.351 mg g-1 and can adsorb from 10 mg L-1 to 1.23 mg L-1 in 25 g L-1 of PS dose at 30 minutes. In addition, the PS structure was found in multi-layer and many porous which is suitable for adsorbent. The morphological examination of PS was shown before and after adsorption that not changed. Therefore, PS might be an alternative choice for removal dye, and be used for the recycle adsorbent agrowaste as a commercial product for adding their values.

Review on factors influencing separation and purification of Chinese materia medica components by macroporous adsorption resin / 中草药

In recent years, macroporous adsorption resin has been widely used in the purification and separation of natural medicine and effective components of Chinese materia medica, the purification of compound Chinese medicine preparations, the removal of harmful impurities due to the advantages of stable physical and chemical properties, high selectivity, strong adsorption capacity and easy elution, recyclable use and regeneration treatment, economic and environmental protection, convenient preparation molding and so on. By summarizing the preparation, properties, classification and working principle of macroporous adsorption resin, the influencing factors and purification process of Chinese materia medica components were reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to explore the important factors affecting the purification of Chinese materia medica components by macroporous adsorption resin, and provide reference for improving the purification effect of Chinese materia medica components.

Seleção de carvões ativados para adsorção de microcistinas / Selection of activated carbons for adsorption of microcystins

RESUMO A presença das cianobactérias é uma das grandes preocupações para o tratamento de água, uma vez que esses microrganismos podem ser produtores de metabólitos tóxicos, como as microcistinas (MCs), que não são efetivamente removidas no tratamento usualmente empregado de ciclo completo. Para a remoção dessas toxinas, pode-se, de forma complementar, utilizar adsorvedores como o carvão ativado (CA), que apresenta eficiência variada, em função de suas características. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fornecer subsídios técnicos e científicos para a seleção de carvões ativados pulverizados (CAPs) e carvões ativados granulares (CAGs) como adsorvedores de MCs. Para tanto, foi realizado, primeiramente, um experimento de seleção de CAs com maior capacidade adsortiva para MCs, em escala de bancada. Em seguida, para os CAPs e CAGs selecionados, foi realizada caracterização complementar para a distribuição de volume específico em função do tamanho do poro. Posteriormente, foram elaboradas isotermas de adsorção de Freundlich e curvas de ruptura. Pôde-se constatar que, dentre os CAs amostrados, os importados apresentaram maior capacidade adsortiva para MCs do que os nacionais. Além disso, foi possível concluir que a escolha do CA pode ser determinada pelos parâmetros índice de azul de metileno (IAM), volume de mesoporos e coeficiente Kf, associados aos resultados do experimento de seleção, considerado uma ferramenta técnica alternativa de simples aplicação e suficiente para esse fim.

ABSTRACT The presence of cyanobacteria is a major concern for water treatment, since these microorganisms can be toxic metabolic producers, such as microcystins (MCs), which are not effectively removed in the usually employed full cycle treatment. In order to remove these toxins, it is possible to use absorbers such as activated carbon (AC), which presents a varied efficiency, depending on its characteristics. The general objective of this research was to provide technical and scientific subsidies for the selection of powdered activated carbons (PACs) and granular activated carbons (GACs) in relation to the adsorption of microcystins. A bench scale experiment was carried out to select activated carbons with higher adsorptive capacity for microcystins. Then, for the selected PACs and GACs, complementary characterization was performed for the specific volume distribution as function of pore size and, afterwards, Freundlich adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves were elaborated. It was possible to verify that among the sampled activated carbons, the imported ones presented greater adsorption capacity for microcystins in relation to the nationals. In addition, it was possible to conclude that the selection of an activated carbon can be done regarding methylene blue index (MBI) parameters, volume of mesoporous and Kf, associated to the selection experiment's results, considered an alternative technical tool of simple application and sufficient for this purpose.

Avaliação da forma de inclusão de zeólita e do nível de consumo sobre a digestibilidade da dieta e as características fecais de cães / Evaluation of zeolite inclusion and level of food intake on diet digestibility and faecal characteristics of dogs

Objetivou-se avaliar a forma de inclusão da zeólita e de níveis de consumo sobre a digestibilidade da dieta e as características fecais de cães. O experimento 1 avaliou o efeito do nível de consumo (normal e 50% a mais do que as necessidades) e da inclusão de zeólita (0 e 15g/kg) sobre a digestibilidade e as características fecais de 12 cães. No experimento 2, foi avaliada a inclusão de 5, 15 e 25g/kg de zeólita adicionada na massa ou por cobertura, em seis cães, sobre a digestibilidade da dieta e as características fecais. O experimento 3 avaliou o odor fecal de nove cães consumindo dietas contendo 0 e 15g/kg de zeólita incluída na massa ou por cobertura. A quantidade consumida e a inclusão de zeólita não afetaram a digestibilidade das dietas. O escore e a matéria seca fecal aumentaram com a inclusão de zeólita. A inclusão de zeólita na massa propiciou aumento na digestibilidade das dietas, independentemente do nível de inclusão. A inclusão de 15g/kg de zeólita, adicionada na massa e por cobertura reduziu o odor fecal dos cães. A inclusão de zeólita na massa aumenta a digestibilidade da dieta, a consistência fecal e reduz o odor fecal de cães.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the form of inclusion of zeolite and consumption levels on diet digestibility and fecal characteristics of dogs. The first experiment examined the effect of consumption level (normal and 50% higher than the requirements) and zeolite level (0 and 15g/kg) on diet digestibility and fecal characteristics of 12 dogs. In experiment 2 the inclusion of 5, 15 and 25g/kg of added zeolite in dough or coating in six dogs on diet digestibility and fecal characteristics was evaluated. The third experiment assessed the fecal odor of nine dogs fed diets containing 0 and 15g/kg of zeolite included in the dough or coating. The amount consumed, as well as the inclusion of zeolite, did not affect diet digestibility. Fecal score and dry matter increased with the inclusion of zeolite. The inclusion of zeolite in the dough provided an increase in diet digestibility, regardless of the level of inclusion. The inclusion of 15g/kg zeolite added to the dough and by coating reduced fecal odor of dogs. The inclusion of zeolite in dough increases diet digestibility, fecal consistency, and reduces the fecal odor of dogs.(AU)

Preparation of adsorbents for selectively removal of heavy metals from Salvia miltiorrhiz extract / 中草药

Objective: Taking molecular sieve as a main component, to develop adsorbents which can selectively remove five kinds of heavy metal in Salvia miltiorrhiz extract solution. Methods: The 13X zeolite powder and active alumina powder were selected to compose adsorbent from four materials including iron red powder, fast powder (activated alumina), 13X molecular sieve powder, and zinc sulfide powder. The adsorbent formula was optimized with uniform design for mixture experiment. Pore-expanding agents, such as Chitisan and EDTA, were added to improve adsorbent pore structure. Results: With uniform design for mixture experiment, adsorbents with 13X zeolite ratio 0.275 6—0.465 5 could effectively remove five heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) in water solution. The optimal adsorbents from uniform design were hard to remove heavy metal in S. miltiorrhiz extract solution in 4 h, and removal ratios of Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were 14.4%, 74.5%, 54.6%, 13.4%, and 8.8%, respectively. With the same formula, pore- expanding adsorbents could effectively remove five heavy metals in S. miltiorrhiz extract solution in 4 h, and removal ratios of Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As increased to 21.0%, 91.5%, 97.5%, 60.3%, and 46.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Pore-expanding adsorbents prepared in this study could remove five heavy metals in S. miltiorrhiz extract solution in short time, exhibiting industrial application prospect.

Application timing and methods of molecular adsorbent recirculating system / 中国小儿急救医学

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system is a new artificial liver support system. It consists of blood circulation,albumin regeneration cycle and dialysis circulation circuites. It mainly replaces liver de-toxification function,removes endogenous and exogenous toxins,and regulates water and electrolyte and acid-base balance. The internal environment promotes hepatocyte regeneration. It can be used in the treatment of a-cute liver failure,acute-on-chronic liver failure,and poisoning. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system pro-vides time for recovery of liver function or a bridge for liver transplantation.

Preparation of Indium Oxide Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Adsorbent for Detection of Preservatives in Food Samples / 分析化学

In2O3nanoparticles-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (In2O3-MWCNTs) were successfully prepared as solid phase extraciton (SPE) adsorbent for the determination of three food preservatives(benzoic acid,sorbic acid,and methylparaben) in beverage samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Because of the large surface area and amount of hydroxyl groups on the surface of In2O3nanoparticles,In2O3nanoparticles could interact with specific functional groups.In2O3-MWCNTs adsorbent was prepared based on the large surface area of In2O3and superior thermal and chemical stability of MWCNTs.The obtained adsorbent was characterized via transmission electron microscope (TEM),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.Several experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated by single-factor experiments,such as adsorbents amount,sample volume,eluent volume,sample pH,and eluent type.The first four factors were then further evaluated by means of a Taguchi's L16(44) orthogonal array experimental design.According to the results of orthogonal array experiment,the optimal conditions were chosen as follows: 0.15 g of adsorbent amount,5.0 mL of sample volume,0.6 mL of ACN-H2O (60:40,0.1% formic acid,V/V) as eluent,and sample pH 4.0.Under the optimum conditions,the LODs (S/N=3) and LOQs (S/N=10) for three preservatives were in the range of 0.004-0.012 μg/mL and 0.012-0.038 μg/mL,respectively.The recoveries ranged from 70.2% to 109.4%.The method is rapid,sensitive,and suitable for the determination of preservatives in food samples.

Molecular cloning, expression, and immobilization of glutamate decarboxylase from Lactobacillus fermentum YS2

Background: GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is a four-carbon nonprotein amino acid that has hypotensive, diuretic, and tranquilizing properties. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is the key enzyme to generate GABA. A simple and economical method of preparing and immobilizing GAD would be helpful for GABA production. In this study, the GAD from Lactobacillus fermentum YS2 was expressed under the control of a stress-inducible promoter and was purified and immobilized in a fusion form, and its reusability was investigated. Results: The fusion protein CBM-GAD was expressed in Escherichia coli DH5α carrying pCROCB-gadB, which contained promoter PrpoS, cbm3 (family 3 carbohydrate-binding module from Clostridium thermocellum) coding sequence, the gadB gene from L. fermentum YS2 coding for GAD, and the T7 terminator. After a one-step purification of CBM-GAD using regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) as an adsorbent, SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a clear band of 71 kDa; the specific activity of the purified fusion protein CBM-GAD reached 83.6 ± 0.7 U·mg-1. After adsorption onto RAC, the immobilized GAD with CBM3 tag was repeatedly used for GABA synthesis. The protein-binding capacity of RAC was 174 ± 8 mg·g-1. The immobilized CBM-GAD could repeatedly catalyze GABA synthesis, and 8% of the initial activities was retained after 10 uses. We tested the conversion of monosodium glutamate to GABA by the immobilized enzyme; the yield reached 5.15 g/L and the productivity reached 3.09 g/L·h. Conclusions: RAC could be used as an adsorbent in one-step purification and immobilization of CBM-GAD, and the immobilized enzyme could be repeatedly used to catalyze the conversion of glutamate to GABA.

Simultaneous Extraction of Atrazine and Its Toxic Metabolites Based on Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Mat / 分析化学

A novel solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for simultaneous extraction of atrazine (ATZ) and its metabolites, deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and deethylatrazine (DEA) from environmental water samples was prepared. Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN NFs) mat was prepared via electrospinning, and was further functionalized to obtain polypyrrole modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PPy-PAN NFs) mat, hydrazine modified polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (NH2-PAN NFs) mat and carboxyl modified polyacrylonitrile (COOH-PAN NFs) mat. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of COOH-PAN NFs mat was better than other three NFs mats in both static (2.0 mg/g) and dynamic (0.19 mg/g) experiments. Meanwhile, the runoff ratios of COOH-PAN NFs mat were the lowest (less than 30.0％) in the adsorption of three analytes, especially for high polar analytes, which showed that the hydrogen bond between carboxyl groups and analytes was the main interactive force. A combination of mat-based SPE and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection was further established for determination of 3 analytes in environmental water samples. The recoveries were 81.4％-120.3％ and the limits of detection were 0.12 ng/mL for DIA, 0.09 ng/mL for DEA and ATZ, respectively.

Application of macroporous adsorptive resins in separation and purification of natural products / 中草药

Macroporous adsorptive resin is a class of organic polymer adsorbent which has good adsorption properties, developed in the late 1960s. The adsorption technology of macroporous adsorptive resin has more and more important application in the field of medicine. Recently, it has been widely used in the extraction, separation, and purification processes of the active ingredients of herbal. This paper reviewed the applications of macroporous adsorptive resin in the isolation and purification of the active monomer components from Chinese materia medica and the mixed and combined application of resin, so as to provide the references for the use of macroporous adsorptive resin in the separation of natural products.

Avaliação do potencial de compostos naturais (argila, turfa e carvão) na remoção de chumbo e toxicidade de um efluente industrial / Evaluation of the potential of natural compounds (clay, peat and activated carbon) for the removal of lead and toxicity of an industrial effluent

Métodos de tratamento avançado utilizando-se de materiais adsorventes alternativos podem substituir ou complementar tratamentos convencionais existentes, auxiliando na remoção de substâncias tóxicas provindas de diversos processos industriais. Espectrometria e testes biológicos (toxicidade aguda e crônica) auxiliam no monitoramento dos rejeitos industriais, avaliando a eficiência desses sistemas alternativos de tratamento de efluentes. O trabalho objetivou promover a redução da concentração do chumbo (Pb) e da toxicidade de um efluente industrial utilizando o potencial de compostos naturais (argilominerais e turfa) e do carvão ativado (controle) como adsorventes em ensaios em batelada. O carvão ativado permitiu remover 99,4% do Pb no efluente (15 min), e para os demais adsorventes a remoção ocorreu progressivamente até 24 horas, resultando em eficiências de remoção de 88,0% (argila do Vale do Paraíba - VP), 73,6% (argila de Ajapí - A) e 63,5% (turfa). A toxicidade aguda foi completamente removida com a utilização do carvão ativado, enquanto eficiências de remoção maiores do que 50% foram obtidas utilizando compostos naturais. Efeito tóxico significativo não foi observado após o tratamento com o carvão ativado e argila VP com relação à toxicidade crônica. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de utilização da argila VP como adsorvente de baixo custo comercial em métodos de tratamento avançado.

Advanced treatment methods using alternative adsorbent materials may replace or complement existing conventional treatments, aiding the removal of toxic substances coming from industrial processes. Spectrometry and biological tests (acute/chronic toxicity) aid the monitoring of industrial wastewater discharge, evaluating the effectiveness of these alternative systems of wastewater treatment. The study aimed to promote the reduction of lead (Pb) and toxicity concentration of an industrial effluent using the potential of natural compounds (clay and peat) and activated carbon (control) as adsorbents in batch tests. The activated carbon allowed a removal efficiency of 99.4% of Pb in the effluent (15 min.), and for others the removal occurred progressively up to 24 hours, resulting in removal efficiencies of 88.0% (Vale do Paraiba clay - VP), 73.6% (Ajapí clay - A) and 63.5% (peat). The acute toxicity was completely removed using activated carbon, as removal efficiencies higher than 50% were obtained using natural compounds. It was not observed significant toxic effect after the treatment with activated carbon and VP clay in relation to chronic toxicity. The results indicate the possibility of using VP clay as inexpensive commercial adsorbent in advanced treatment methods.

Rapid and Sensitive LC_MS/MS Determination of Aflatoxin B1, Deoxynivalenol, Zearalenone in Artificial Porcine Gastrointestinal Digested Juices / 分析化学

A rapid liquid chromatography_tandem mass spectrometric ( LC_MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of aflatoxin B1(AFB1), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Zearalenone (ZEA) in artificial porcine gastrointestinal digested juices, as pigs reacted most sensitively to these mycotoxins. The formula feed was digested by artificial gastric and intestinal juices respectively, then the mycotoxins and adsorbent were added in ratio. After incubation and centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted 10_folds by injection solution and analyzed by LC_MS/MS. The 3 analytes were separated on a reversed phase C18 column using a gradient elution program of aqueous solution containing 0 . 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0 . 1% formic acid methanol. Qualitative analysis was performed using multiple_reaction monitoring ( MRM ) , and quantitative analysis was by internal standard method. Under optimum conditions, the limit of quantitation ( LOQ ) of AFB1 , DON, ZEA was 1, 50, 40 and 0. 3, 50, 20 μg/L in artificial gastric and intestinal digested juices respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 5. 0%. Then, the thermal stability was studied by incubating the analytes at 39 ℃±0. 5 ℃ for 1, 2, 5 and 10 h, and the results showed 3 analytes were stable under the conditions. Furthermore, the method was applied to evaluate the binding efficacy of 8 mineral benders and 5 organic adsorbents. The adsorbents demonstrated binding efficacy of 85. 1%-96. 5%, 8 . 1%-14 . 7%, 13 . 7%-30 . 0% and 7 . 4%-16 . 6%, 6 . 7%-16 . 2%, 18 . 6%-39 . 0% in gastric digested juice, and 76. 2%-93. 0%, 12. 3%-31. 3%, 0%-23. 2% and 8. 6%-13. 4%, 3. 8%-23. 5%, 24. 9%-34. 8% in intestinal digested juice for these 3 mycotoxins, respectively, with 2 kinds of adsorbents.

Enrichment and Separation of Y(Ⅲ) from Dilute Solutions Using Aliquat 336 Functionalized Chelating Adsorbent Derived from Chitosan / 分析化学

Aliquat 336 functionalized chelating adsorbent derived from chitosan for enrichment and separation of Y(Ⅲ) were investigated by static adsorption method. The adsorption of Y(Ⅲ) was greatly influenced by the pH of solution, and reached maximum at 20 ℃ using 90 mg/L Y(Ⅲ) at pH 4. 9, and the adsorption of Y(Ⅲ) followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The reduction of Y(Ⅲ) adsorption with the increasing of temperature meant that the adsorption process was exothermic. XPS analysis demonstrated that both cations and anions of the adsorbent were involved in adsorption process, thereby resulting in an improved adsorption of Y(Ⅲ). The adsorbent was thus efficient for enrichment and separation of rare earths from waste rare earth phosphor.

Biosorption of Lead by Pleurotus florida and Trichoderma viride.

Aims: The objective of the work is to remove Pb2+ by Pleurotus florida and Trichoderma viride in batch studies and to study the kinetics and adsorption isotherm of Pb2+ adsorption by fungal species and to determine the desorption performance by suitable desorbing agents. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and duration of the study: This work was carried out at Department of Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and India for a period of five months. Methodology: The polluted sample was collected from Valankulam lake, Coimbatore. The biomass of Pleurotus florida and Trichoderma viride were used as adsorbents. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to quantify Pb2+ concentration. The optimum conditions of pH, adsorbent dose and contact time for biosorption were determined. Results: Maximum adsorption of Pb2+ for Trichoderma viride and Pleurotus florida were observed at a pH of 6 and 7 respectively. The optimum quantities of adsorbent required for the removal of Pb2+ were 0.2g for both the organisms. Adsorption of Pb2+ was found to reach equilibrium in 1 h and 1.5 h for Pleurotus florida and Trichoderma viride respectively. Conclusion: Hence, Pleurotus florida and Tricoderma viride are suitable adsorbents for the removal of Pb2+ from effluents. This methodology can be used for the removal of lead from waste water before its disposal.

Batch Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Simultaneous Adsorption and Biodegradation of Phenol by Pineapple Peels Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950.

This study was aimed to investigate the use of pineapple as a cheap, eco-friendly adsorbent and support matrix for the immobilization of microbial cell and for subsequent removal of phenol from waste water. The effects of initial phenol concentration, pH and adsorbent particle size on the simultaneous adsorption-biodegradation (SAB) of phenol were studied. The batch simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) of phenol in simulated phenol waste water by pineapple peels immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950 has been studied with the use of glass bottles as bioreactors placed in a rotary mechanical shaker for 72 h. The results of the batch equilibrium adsorption-biodegradation studies showed that adsorption-biodegradation capacity decreased with increase in particle size. The equilibrium adsorption-biodegradation data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models of adsorption. The results showed that the equilibrium data for phenol degradation sorbent systems were well fitted to the three adsorption models with Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherms having the best fit. The adsorption-biodegradation kinetic data obtained at different initial phenol concentrations and pH showed that the adsorption-biodegradation capacity of the pineapple peels immobilized P. aeruginosa generally increased with increase in initial phenol concentration and pH. The kinetic data were analyzed using Lagergren pseudo-first order, pseudo second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion rate equations. The rate equations fitting showed that the adsorption-biodegradation kinetic data generally fitted the four rate equations tested from which the rate constants and diffusion rate constants were estimated. However, the Lagergren pseudo first-order rate equation gave the best fit and, thus the process followed first-order rate kinetics. Therefore, pineapple peels being an agricultural waste product have the potential to be used as low-cost adsorbent and support matrix for microbial culture immobilization for the removal of organic pollutant from waste water.

Efeito da adição de glucomanano modificado em dietas contendo aflatoxina sobre parâmetros clínicos de ovinos / Effect of the modified glucomannan in diets containing aflatoxin on the clinical parameters in sheep

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do adsorvente (ADS) glucomanano modificado sobre parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e ruminais de ovinos submetidos a dietas contendo aflatoxina (AFLA). Foram utilizadas 22 ovelhas mestiças (Corriedale e Texel), com 18 meses de idade. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com a adição de AFLA (1,5 PPM) ou ADS (2 PPM) na fração concentrada da dieta: animais recebendo AFLA na dieta (AFLA; n=6); animais recebendo AFLA e ADS na dieta (AFLA/ADS; n=6); animais recebendo ADS na dieta (ADS; n=5) e grupo controle, sem adição de ADS ou AFLA na dieta (CONTROLE; n=5). As dietas foram fornecidas por um período de 42 dias. Foram realizadas coletas de fluido ruminal a cada sete dias e avaliações clínicas (exame físico geral, urinálise e hemograma) a cada 10 dias. Quanto ao perfil leucocitário, a suplementação com adsorvente aumentou a concentração plasmática de eosinófilos. Os demais parâmetros clínicos e ruminais não foram influenciados pela presença do adsorvente ou da aflatoxina na dieta. Assim, o adsorvente glucomanano modificado influenciou a resposta leucocitária de ovinos, porém sem efeito na função ruminal e nos parâmetros clínicos avaliados.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of modified glucomannan adsorbent (ADS) on the clinical, hematological and ruminal parameters in sheep subjected to diets containing aflatoxins (AFLA). Twenty two crossbred ewes (Corriedale vs Texel), aging 18 months were separated into four groups according to the addition of AFLA (1,5 PPM) or ADS (2 PPM) in the concentrate portion of the diet: animals receiving AFLA in the diet (AFLA; n=6); animals receiving AFLA and ADS in the diet (AFLA/ADS; n=6); animals receiving ADS in the diet (n=5) and control group, without addition of the ADS or AFLA in the diet (CONTROL; n=5). The diets were supplied during 42 days. Ruminal fluid was collected and analysed every seven days and the clinical evaluations (clinical examination, urinalysis, and hemogram) every 10 days. The addition of adsorbent increased the plasmatic concentration of eosinophiles. Clinical and ruminal parameters were not affected by the presence of adsorbent or aflatoxin into the diet. The modified glucomannan adsorbent influenced the leukocyte response of sheep, but no effect on ruminal function and clinical parameters.

Usefulness and Safety of Extracorporeal Liver Support Therapy Using MARS(R) for Patients with Liver Failure: A Preliminary Report / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS(R)) is a form of artificial extracorporeal liver support and can be used for a bridge to spontaneous recovery of hepatic function or liver transplantation in patients with liver failure. This study evaluated the usefulness of MARS(R) in patients with liver failure. METHODS: Between January 2004 and July 2007, 30 patients (21 males and 7 females; age 48.9+/-12.9 years) with acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure were managed using MARS(R). We assessed laboratory data, the grade of hepatic encephalopathy, Child-Turcotte-Pugh class, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. RESULTS: The number of patients with acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure was 16 and 14, respectively. The mean cycle of MARS(R) in patients with liver failure was 2.2 sessions. After MARS(R) had been performed, serum total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), BUN, creatinine, ammonia level, daily urine output, and MELD score were improved (p<0.05). In contrast, MARS(R) failed to improve Child-Turcotte-Pugh score and the grade of hepatic encephalopathy. Liver transplantation was performed in 8 patients. Among them, 5 (62.5%) patients survived and 3 (37.5%) patients died. Twenty two patients underwent MARS(R) without liver transplantation and 4 (18.2%) of them survived. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with liver failure, MARS(R) improved the laboratory data and hepatic and renal function associated clinical characteristics. However, MARS(R) without liver transplantation did not improve survival. MARS(R) may be useful as a bridge therapy to liver transplantation in patients with liver failure.

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system in treatment of severe pneumonia complicated with multipie organ dysfunction syndrome / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of molecular adsorbent recirculating system(MARS)in treatment of severe pneumonia complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).MethodsSeventy-five patients who were diagnosed as severe pneumonia complicated with MODS were randomly divided into MARS group,continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)group and routine comprehensive therapy group.Flow dynamics,respiration function,liver function and renal function,coagulation function,inflammatory mediators,and Marshall scores were measured and compared before and after the treatment. The survival curves in 60 days were also compared among three groups.Results With MARS therapy,mean heart rates,peak inspiratory airway pressure,serum TBil,plasma D-dimmer levels and Marshall score were decreased;mean artery pressure,PaO2,oxygenation index,urine output,and platelet counts were increased;the levels of proinflammatory(NO,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α and LBP)and anti-inflammatory(IL-10 and IL-13)mediator were decreased remarkably.The differences of these indicators between MARS group and other two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).And after MARS therapy,respiratory rate and Cr level were decreased,while SaO2 and WBC were increased significantly(P＜0.05).The 60 day-survival rate in MARS group was 80%(20/25),36%(9/25)in routine comprehensive therapy,and 52%(13/ 25)in CRRT group(P＜0.05).Conclusion MARS therapy has better effect on severe pneumonia conplicated with MODS than routine comprehensive therapy and CRRT.

Study on Purification of Swertiaman from Swertia pesudochinensis Hara. with Macroporous Adsorbent Resin / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the suitable type of macroporous adsorbent resin to purity swertiaman from Swertia pesudochinensis Hara., and determine the parameters and conditions for its purification procedures. Method Purification effect of 8 types of macroporous resins used to purify the Swertia pesudochinensis Hara. were inspected, with the content of swertiaman as index. Result HPD-100 type resin showed better effect than others, it had optimum adsorption and elution parameters with its dynamic saturated adsorption ratio was 70.48 mg/g. After eluted with 2 BV of distilled water, 4 BV 30% ethanol and collected, the content of swertiaman in the spray dried powder was 52.29%. Conclusion HPD-100 types macroporous resin showed a better comprehensive adsorption property and can be used to enrich and purify the swertiaman included active fraction of iridoid glycosides for industrialization.